Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Justice System: A Socio-Legal Analysis

John McCarthy, father of Artificial Intelligence defined it as, “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” It is actually an ability of computer- system to perceive and response to its environment independently without human intervention while using the cognitive ability and logic of a human being. Experiences and learning from them is the greatest ability of humans, AI mimics this and enables machines and their software to learn from experience. Indian Judiciary has been very quick in adopting the AI technology and its incorporation through e-courts and online hearing, especially during the covid-19 pandemic, has proved to be a milestone in itself. In criminal justice system particularly AI is being used for its various features, one of these being that of facial recognition. Many a times the crime department has to analyse a lot of data in order to establish the identity of someone. If it is done by the humans then it will be highly time-consuming, tiring and high chances of containing human-error. But with the development of AI this has become comparatively fast and error-free. Another aspect is that With AI, volumes of information on law and legal precedence, social information, and media can be used to suggest rulings, identify criminal enterprises, and predict and reveal people at risk from criminal enterprises. This paper dwells into the meaning of AI, its history with discussing in details its role in the criminal justice system, along-with the possibility of misuse or error factor and finally the future of Artificial Intelligence.